Aikajakso: 1h 2h 6h 12h 24h 48h 72h 96h
Here you can see all active stations of the lightning detection network. You can sort the table by clicking on the links in the first row.
Pos. | PCB | Maa | Kaupunki | Distance | Salamaniskut/2h | Signaalit/2h | Tehokkuus | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Suhde | Count | Suhde | ||||||
1 | 19.3 | Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta | Coventry | 0km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
2 | 10.4 | Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta | Stourbridge | 45km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
3 | 19.3 | Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta | Peterborough, Cambridgeshire | 83km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
4 | 6.4 | Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta | Thatcham, Berkshire | 126km | 951 | 7.1% | 1891 | 50.3% | 18.9% |
5 | 19.5 | Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta | Farnham | 152km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
6 | 19.5 | Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta | Norwich | 184km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
7 | 19.5 | Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta | Llwynhendy, Llanelli SA14 9** | 202km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
8 | 10.4 | Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta | Shanklin | 214km | 2 | 0.0% | 1184 | 0.2% | 0.1% |
9 | 19.3 | Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta | Newcastle | 275km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
10 | 19.1 | Ranska | Bergues | 322km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
11 | 10.4 | Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta | Belfast (Sydenham Red) * 30cm rod | 369km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
12 | 6.8 | Niederlande | Schiedam | 409km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
13 | 6.8 | Niederlande | Giessen-Oudekerk | 441km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
14 | 10.4 | Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta | Dundee | 447km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
15 | 19.3 | Ranska | Mantes la jolie (78) | 454km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
16 | 10.3 | Belgia | Bienne-lez-Happart | 466km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
17 | 19.3 | Niederlande | Geldermalsen Oost | 470km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
18 | 6.6 | Belgia | Melin (GREEN) | 480km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
19 | 10.4 | Belgia | Tirlemont | 482km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
20 | 10.3 | Niederlande | Vaassen | 506km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
21 | 10.4 | Belgia | Herhet | 520km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
22 | 10.4 | Niederlande | Sittard | 537km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
23 | 19.3 | Saksa | Kalkar | 539km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
24 | 6.8 | Saksa | Linnich - Gevenich - 3 | 565km | 2701 | 20.2% | 16645 | 16.2% | 18.1% |
25 | 6.8 | Niederlande | Zuidbroek | 566km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
26 | 6.8 | Ranska | Tilloy et Bellay | 581km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
27 | Saksa | Heimbach | 590km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | |
28 | 19.3 | Norja | V 0 boarNot576:idomments; | 599km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
29 | 6.8 | Saksa | Dortmund | 616km | 855 | 6.4% | 26353 | 3.2% | 4.6% |
30 | 10.4 | Ranska | Saint-Maur | 621km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
31 | 10.4 | Saksa | Bergisch Gladbach | 623km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
32 | 19.4 | Saksa | Königswinter | 639km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
33 | 6.8 | Saksa | Steinhagen | 675km | 446 | 3.3% | 1346 | 33.1% | 10.5% |
34 | 10.4 | Ranska | NIORT | 693km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
35 | 4.x | Saksa | Bremen | 695km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
36 | 6.8 | Saksa | Leopoldshöhe | 697km | 4033 | 30.2% | 11638 | 34.7% | 32.3% |
37 | 10.3 | Ranska | Rochefort | 733km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
38 | 6.8 | Saksa | Höxter | 746km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
39 | 6.8 | Saksa | Büdelsdorf | 766km | 3821 | 28.6% | 12328 | 31.0% | 29.8% |
40 | 19.5 | Saksa | Burgdorf | 779km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
41 | 10.4 | Ranska | Besancon | 795km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
42 | 6.8 | Saksa | Salzgitter | 804km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
43 | 6.8 | Saksa | HeiÃum | 812km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
44 | 10.2 | Tanska | Silkeborg | 820km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
45 | 10.4 | Ranska | Laqueuille | 822km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
46 | 10.4 | Saksa | Lübeck | 826km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
47 | 6.8 | Norja | Sandnes | 834km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
48 | 10.4 | Saksa | Leonberg | 846km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
49 | 10.3 | Saksa | Gangloffsömmern | 867km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
50 | 6.8 | Norja | Karmsund | 870km | 844 | 6.3% | 811 | 100.0% | 25.1% |
51 | 10.4 | Sveitsi | Mollens Vd | 871km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
52 | 6.8 | Saksa | Altmersleben | 872km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
53 | 6.7 | Sveitsi | Oberdorf (Baselland) | 873km | 72 | 0.5% | 2460 | 2.9% | 1.3% |
54 | 10.Eo/ | ? | Pfullingen | 883km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
55 | 6.8 | Saksa | Artern | 886km | 0 | 0.0% | 37 | 0.9% | 0.0% |
56 | 6.7 | Saksa | Schönebeck | 900km | 2548 | 19.1% | 7516 | 33.9% | 25.4% |
57 | 6.1 | Saksa | Lonnerstadt | 911km | 843 | 6.3% | 3447 | 24.4% | 12.4% |
58 | 6.8 | Sveitsi | Bassersdorf | 917km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
59 | Sveitsi | Hünenberg ZG - HB9FEE | 926km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | |
60 | H0 | Sveitsi | Niederuzwil | 946km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
61 | 4.x | Saksa | Donauwörth | 961km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
62 | 10.4 | Ranska | montauban | 970km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
63 | 10.4 | Ranska | Souprosse | 974km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
64 | 6.6 | Norja | Skien | 1,011km | 1966 | 14.7% | 2109 | 93.2% | 37.0% |
65 | 6.7 | Saksa | Drebach | 1,022km | 0 | 0.0% | 23 | 0.0% | -0.2% |
66 | 6.8 | Saksa | Schwangau-Horn | 1,030km | 1006 | 7.5% | 16970 | 5.9% | 6.7% |
67 | 10.4 | Saksa | Regensburg | 1,031km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
68 | 6.8 | Ruotsi | Stenungsund | 1,046km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
69 | 10.4 | Saksa | Lübbenau | 1,055km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
70 | 6.3 | Saksa | Dresden | 1,062km | 31 | 0.2% | 2112 | 1.4% | 0.6% |
71 | 6.8 | Saksa | Siegertsbrunn | 1,063km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
72 | 6.8 | Italia | Rivalta di Torino | 1,063km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
73 | 6.8 | Saksa | Lauta | 1,073km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
74 | 19.4 | Tsekin tasavalta | PlzeÅ-RadÄice | 1,077km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
75 | 10.3 | Saksa | Vilsbiburg | 1,078km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
76 | 10.4 | Ruotsi | Simrishamn | 1,084km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
77 | 6.6 | Saksa | Bruckmuehl | 1,086km | 1215 | 9.1% | 6600 | 18.4% | 12.9% |
78 | 10.4 | Austria | Breitenbach am Inn | 1,112km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
79 | 10.4 | Tsekin tasavalta | Praha 4 - HodkoviÄky | 1,139km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
80 | 6.8 | Saksa | Teisendorf | 1,140km | 4431 | 33.2% | 17694 | 25.0% | 28.8% |
81 | 4.x | Saksa | Neureichenau | 1,157km | 0 | 0.0% | 22 | 0.0% | -0.2% |
82 | 6.8 | Ranska | CASSIS | 1,159km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
83 | 10.4 | Italia | Monte Penice (PV) - CML+IW2MIL | 1,169km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
84 | 19.1 | Ranska | Valbonne | 1,172km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
85 | 10.4 | Ranska | La Seyne sur mer 83 | 1,183km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
86 | 6.8 | Italia | Villa Oneto (GE) | 1,205km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
87 | 6.8 | Ruotsi | Bergkvara:3 | 1,210km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
88 | 10.4 | Tsekin tasavalta | near. Pardubice | 1,221km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
89 | 19.3 | Tsekin tasavalta | Rychnov | 1,260km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
90 | 10.3 | Tsekin tasavalta | Hemze, near Chocen (RED) | 1,263km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
91 | 6.8 | Austria | Feistritz / Drau | 1,267km | 883 | 6.6% | 2156 | 41.0% | 16.5% |
92 | 6.8 | Italia | San Giovanni in Persiceto (BO) | 1,278km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
93 | 6.8 | Austria | Stockerau | 1,334km | 163 | 1.2% | 572 | 28.4% | 5.9% |
94 | 6.6 | Austria | Graz | 1,352km | 148 | 1.1% | 454 | 32.5% | 6.0% |
95 | 6.6 | Austria | Dobl | 1,358km | 1 | 0.0% | 24 | 4.2% | 0.2% |
96 | 6.5 | Austria | Wiener Neustadt | 1,364km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
97 | 19.3 | Tsekin tasavalta | Lipnik nad Becvou | 1,372km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
98 | 10.3 | Ruotsi | Gotland Endre | 1,385km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
99 | 10.4 | Kroatia | Pula | 1,408km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
100 | 6.8 | Puola | Åódź, Nowe ZÅotno (Green) | 1,423km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
101 | 10.4 | Ranska | Zicavo | 1,425km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
102 | 10.4 | German E1A Cu wiros1ip5k3 SG1.3523 | Acquaviva di;s4588506-1 input;200,15;;g0 | 1,442km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
103 | 10.4 | Norja | Steinkjer | 1,483km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
104 | 19.5 | Puola | ? | 1,528km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
105 | 10.4 | Unkari | Annavölgy | 1,529km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
106 | 10.4 | Unkari | Barcs | 1,552km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
107 | 10.3 | Italia | Teramo | 1,577km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
108 | Italia | Roma | 1,588km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | |
109 | 19.5 | Unkari | Szedres | 1,599km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
110 | 10.3 | Italia | Palestrina (RM) | 1,610km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
111 | 19.5 | Unkari | Füzér | 1,675km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
112 | 6.8 | Suomi | Pori Preiviiki | 1,704km | 1431 | 10.7% | 2072 | 69.0% | 27.2% |
113 | 19.5 | Unkari | Sopron | 1,713km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
114 | 19.5 | Ukraina | ? | 1,743km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
115 | 6.8 | Latvia | Suntaži | 1,756km | 2578 | 19.3% | 17274 | 14.9% | 17.0% |
116 | 10.4 | Suomi | Ilmajoki / Pojanluoma / RED | 1,815km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
117 | 6.8 | Suomi | Jarvenpaa Green | 1,840km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
118 | 6.6 | Suomi | Kyynärö | 1,857km | 1512 | 11.3% | 1666 | 90.8% | 32.0% |
119 | 6.6 | Suomi | Pernaja | 1,886km | 0 | 0.0% | 25 | 0.0% | -0.2% |
120 | 19.4 | Eesti | Alatskivi | 1,905km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
121 | 19.5 | ? | ? | 1,923km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
122 | Suomi | Kouvola | 1,931km | 0 | 0.0% | 58 | 0.0% | -0.4% | |
123 | 19.3 | Belarus | Minsk | 1,931km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
124 | 19.3 | Ruotsi | Jokkmokk | 1,953km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
125 | 6.8 | Suomi | Haapavesi (Leppiojanpera) | 2,014km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
126 | 6.6 | Suomi | Kiviniemi, Oulu | 2,056km | 0 | 0.0% | 44 | 0.0% | -0.3% |
127 | 19.3 | Ruotsi | Kiruna | 2,061km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
128 | 6.8 | Suomi | Lapinlahti (Alapitkä) | 2,062km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
129 | 10.4 | Romania | Sirbi, Botosani | 2,070km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
130 | 10.4 | Suomi | Pello Yliranta | 2,106km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
131 | 19.5 | Ukraina | Kyiv | 2,221km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
132 | 6.8 | Suomi | Inari, Ivalo | 2,342km | 76 | 0.6% | 254 | 30.1% | 4.1% |
133 | 19.3 | Russland | Istra | 2,493km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
134 | 19.3 | Ukraina | Kharkiv | 2,609km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
135 | 6.8 | Kreikka | Syros GR | 2,648km | 3071 | 23.0% | 12333 | 24.9% | 23.9% |
136 | Russland | Armavir | 3,184km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | |
137 | 19.4 | Israel | tel aviv | 3,691km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
138 | 10.4 | Canada | Fredericton | 4,620km | 0 | 0.0% | 782 | 0.0% | -5.8% |
139 | 19.3 | United States / Maine | Hermon | 4,839km | 0 | 0.0% | 4127 | 0.0% | -30.9% |
140 | 19.3 | Canada | Némaska QC | 4,861km | 0 | 0.0% | 14550 | 0.0% | -108.9% |
141 | 10.4 | United States / Vermont | Worcester | 5,102km | 0 | 0.0% | 57547 | 0.0% | -430.6% |
142 | 10.4 | United States / Massachusetts | Westford | 5,147km | 0 | 0.0% | 64564 | 0.0% | -483.1% |
143 | 19.3 | United States / Pennsylvania | Milford | 5,462km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
144 | 10.4 | United States / New York | Naples-1 | 5,523km | 0 | 0.0% | 78748 | 0.0% | -589.2% |
145 | 10.4 | Canada | Toronto | 5,570km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
146 | 10.4 | United States / Michigan | Port Huron | 5,818km | 47 | 0.4% | 12626 | 0.4% | 0.4% |
147 | Canada | Yellowknife, NT | 5,953km | 0 | 0.0% | 5504 | 0.0% | -41.2% | |
148 | 19.3 | United States / Michigan | Rockford (1737B) | 5,995km | 0 | 0.0% | 54967 | 0.0% | -411.3% |
149 | 10.4 | United States / North Carolina | Leland | 6,191km | 0 | 0.0% | 512 | 0.0% | -3.8% |
150 | 19.5 | Mongolia | (Mongolia Under construction) | 6,731km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
151 | 10.4 | Canada | Rocky Mountain House, AB | 6,788km | 0 | 0.0% | 2494 | 0.0% | -18.7% |
152 | 10.3 | United States / Nebraska | Lincoln | 6,837km | 0 | 0.0% | 19808 | 0.0% | -148.2% |
153 | 19.5 | United States / Washington | Rice | 7,292km | 0 | 0.0% | 64918 | 0.0% | -485.7% |
154 | 10.4 | United States / Colorado | Paonia | 7,611km | 0 | 0.0% | 10439 | 0.0% | -78.1% |
155 | 10.4 | United States / Texas | Houston | 7,682km | 0 | 0.0% | 52 | 0.0% | -0.4% |
156 | 19.3 | United States / Texas | New Ulm | 7,737km | 0 | 0.0% | 28178 | 0.0% | -210.8% |
157 | 10.3 | United States / California | El Dorado Hills | 8,324km | 0 | 0.0% | 1145 | 0.0% | -8.6% |
158 | 10.4 | United States / Arizona | Oro Valley | 8,371km | 0 | 0.0% | 13345 | 0.0% | -99.9% |
159 | 19.5 | United States / California | San Ramon | 8,450km | 0 | 0.0% | 39665 | 0.0% | -296.8% |
160 | 19.5 | United States / California | Oakland | 8,454km | 0 | 0.0% | 25456 | 0.0% | -190.5% |
161 | 10.4 | Panama | Volcan | 8,635km | 210 | 1.6% | 31380 | 0.7% | 1.0% |
162 | 10.4 | Mexico | Apazapan | 8,655km | 0 | 0.0% | 6895 | 0.0% | -51.6% |
163 | 19.5 | Myanmar | NayPyiTaw | 8,774km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
164 | 19.4 | Japan | Wajima | 9,238km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
165 | 10.4 | Japan | Kanazawa | 9,297km | 0 | 0.0% | 11752 | 0.0% | -87.9% |
166 | 10.4 | Reunion | Meteor O-I 'South Center' | 9,872km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
167 | 10.4 | Australia / Northern Territory | Darwin - Alawa | 13,877km | 0 | 0.0% | 6780 | 0.0% | -50.7% |
168 | 10.4 | Australia / South Australia | Paringa, South Australia | 16,409km | 0 | 0.0% | 21368 | 0.0% | -159.9% |
169 | 19.4 | Australia / Victoria | Woodend | 16,899km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
170 | 19.4 | Australia / Victoria | Keilor Park | 16,945km | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
171 | 19.3 | Australia / New South Wales | Kurrajong Heights | 16,953km | 0 | 0.0% | 10949 | 0.0% | -81.9% |
172 | 19.4 | Australia / Victoria | Dromana | 17,000km | 0 | 0.0% | 1142 | 0.0% | -8.5% |
173 | 19.4 | Australia / Tasmania | Stowport | 17,263km | 0 | 0.0% | 35601 | 0.0% | -266.4% |
174 | 19.3 | Uusi Seelanti | Auckland East | 18,258km | 0 | 0.0% | 30940 | 0.0% | -231.5% |
175 | 10.4 | Uusi Seelanti | Auckland - East | 18,258km | 0 | 0.0% | 12605 | 0.0% | -94.3% |
176 | 6.8 | Uusi Seelanti | Auckland | 18,276km | 0 | 0.0% | 358 | 0.0% | -2.7% |
177 | 6.8 | Uusi Seelanti | Tauranga | 18,353km | 0 | 0.0% | 3123 | 0.0% | -23.4% |
178 | 6.8 | Uusi Seelanti | Hamilton | 18,358km | 0 | 0.0% | 3597 | 0.0% | -26.9% |
179 | 19.4 | Uusi Seelanti | Wellington | 18,738km | 0 | 0.0% | 7786 | 0.0% | -58.3% |
Active stations are sending signales and participate actively in the lightning detection network. Available stations are currently offline, because of technical difficulties and so on.